Impact of nurse empowerment for early adrenaline administration for in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: A pre-post intervention study

Table 5 Factors associated with hospital mortality¹

Parameter	Bivariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.01 (1.0-1.03)	0.092	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	0.19
Female gender	1.06 (0.59-1.90)	0.85
Post-intervention period	1.79 (1.02-3.14)	0.042	1.89 (1.04-3.43)	0.04
PEA arrest	0.73 (0.24-2.22)	0.58
Time to CART activation	0.98 (0.93-1.04)	0.53
Time to CART arrival	0.98 (0.93-1.03)	0.42
Time to first adrenaline	1.0 (0.92-1.08)	0.96
Adrenaline within 2 minutes	0.88 (0.47-1.65)	0.69
Number of CPR cycles	1.19 (1.15-1.28)	< 0.0012	1.19 (1.11-1.28)	< 0.001
Reversible cause	1.12 (0.62-2.05)	0.71

¹For mortality analysis, discharge against medical advice was included with deaths to reflect unfavourable outcomes. A total of 56 patients (12.4%) survived to hospital discharge. On bivariate logistic regression analysis, mortality was higher in the post-intervention period and among those who had more cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

²Incorporated into multivariable logistic regression analysis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis incorporating age, intervention period and number of cardiopulmonary resuscitation cycles, the post-intervention period and number of cardiopulmonary resuscitation cycles were independently associated with mortality.

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PEA: Pulseless electrical activity; CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CART: Cardiac arrest resuscitation team.