Impact of nurse empowerment for early adrenaline administration for in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: A pre-post intervention study

Table 4 Factors associated with return of spontaneous circulation¹

Parameter	Bivariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	0.052	0.98 (0.97-1.0)	0.14
Female gender	0.93 (0.63-1.37)	0.78
Post-intervention period	1.11 (0.75-1.64)	0.61
PEA arrest	0.47 (0.2-1.06)	0.072	0.45 (0.19-1.07)	0.07
Time to CART activation	0.95 (0.91-0.98)	0.0063
Time to CART arrival	0.94 (0.91-0.98)	0.0022	0.96 (0.92-1.00)	0.05
Time to first adrenaline	0.94 (0.89-0.99)	0.032	0.97 (0.92-1.03)	0.33
Adrenaline within 2 minutes	0.65 (0.44-0.97)	0.043
Reversible cause	1.99 (1.32-3.0)	0.0012	1.71 (1.10-2.67)	0.02

¹A total of 260 patients (57.8%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation. On bivariate logistic regression analysis, age, time to cardiac arrest resuscitation team activation and arrival, time to first dose of adrenaline, adrenaline within 2 minutes and a reversible cause were associated with return of spontaneous circulation.

²Incorporated into multivariable logistic regression analysis.

³Not incorporated into the model; on multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower age, less.

PEA: Pulseless electrical activity; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CART: Cardiac arrest resuscitation team.