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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2026; 15(3): 115627
Published online Sep 9, 2026. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.115627
Table 2 Management, complications, and outcome of traumatic brain injury patients across pulse pressure groups, n (%)/mean, 95% confidence intervals

PP ≤ 30 mmHg
PP: 31-40 mmHg
PP: 41-50 mmHg
PP: 51-60 mmHg
PP > 60 mmHg
P value
Number578 (11.5)1010 (20.1)1409 (28.0)1102 (21.9)930 (18.5)
Injury Severity Score (n = 5016), mean ± SD24.7 ± 12.019.7 ± 10.918.1 ± 10.017.5 ± 9.018.3 ± 9.20.001
Intubation358 (61.9)414 (41.0)461 (32.7)337 (30.6)355 (38.2)0.001
Exploratory laparotomy60 (10.4)54 (5.3)35 (2.5)20 (1.8)7 (0.8)0.001
Craniotomy/craniectomy63 (10.9)92 (9.1)153 (10.9)110 (10.0)116 (12.5)0.17
Blood transfusion303 (52.4)287 (28.4)292 (20.7)173 (15.7)175 (18.8)0.001
Blood units transfused6 (1-79)4 (1-49)3 (1-62)3 (1-20)4 (1-51)0.001
Massive transfusion protocol activation117 (20.2)73 (7.2)43 (3.1)17 (1.5)17 (1.8)0.001
ARDS21 (3.6)11 (1.1)13 (0.9)11 (1.0)11 (1.2)0.001
Intensive care unit length of stay7 (1-115)5 (1-155)5 (1-161)5 (1-70)5 (1-126)0.001
Ventilator days6 (1-115)6 (1-180)5 (1-55)5 (1-84)6 (1-100)0.15
Hospital length of stay (days; n = 5010)10 (1-304)7 (1-360) 6 (1-217)6 (1-218)8 (1-186)0.001
In-hospital mortality139 (24.0)96 (9.5)77 (5.5)65 (5.9)67 (7.2)0.001


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