Navigating the veins: A comprehensive review of vasoactive agent infusion via peripheral routes

Table 4 Measures to ensure safe use of peripheral venous lines

Avoidance of high-risk sites	Upper extremity only (avoiding joints)
Large size vein	Choosing vein with diameter more than 4 mm (to be measured using ultrasound)
High bore cannula	Intravenous line size 20 gauge or 18 gauge
Confirmation of cannula position	Using ultrasonography, position of cannula should be ascertained before initiating vasopressors
Check backflow	Blood return should be checked before initiation of vasopressors
Evaluation of PVC function	PVC function should be assessed regularly (every 1-2 hours)
Staff education and training	Close monitoring of PVC site for any signs/symptoms suggestive of complications
Managing complications	Standardized protocol for managing extravasation
Short duration of therapy	PVC use should be limited to a maximum of 72 hours

PVC: Peripheral venous catheters.