Outcomes of acute kidney injury in critically ill adults with tropical acute febrile illness: Prospective observational study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Variable	Value
Age (years)	52 (37.5-60.8)
Hospital stay (days)	9 (5-12.8)
ICU stay (days)	7 (4-9.8)
Fever duration (days)	7 (5-10.5)
Temperature (°F)	100.5 (99.4-101.6)
Heart rate (minute)	105.3 ± 18.0
SBP (mmHg)	113.9 ± 18.8
DBP (mmHg)	74 (66-82)
Respiratory rate (minute)	22 (20-26)
Oxygen saturation (%)	96 (94-98)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	10.8 ± 2.2
Platelet count (mm3)	80000 (51000-124750)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.35 (0.90-2.90)
Serum urea (mg/dL)	68.2 (43.5-127.0)
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.4 (0.8-3.6)
AST (U/L)	126 (67-212)
ALT (U/L)	76 (47-114)
APACHE II (admission)	15.6 ± 7.8
SOFA score (admission)	8.6 ± 3.9
Gender
Female	37 (54.4)
Male	31 (45.6)
Common symptoms
Fever	68 (100)
Nausea/vomiting	52 (76.5)
Headache/myalgia	40 (58.8)
Shortness of breath	36 (52.9)
Altered sensorium	33 (48.5)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	15 (22.1)
Hypertension	17 (25.0)
Chronic liver disease	6 (8.8)
Oxygen/ventilation
Invasive ventilation (any time during ICU stay)	27 (39.7)
NIV (any time during ICU stay)	9 (13.2)
Vasopressor use	28 (41.2)
AKI stage on admission
Stage 1	37 (54.4)
Stage 2	27 (39.71)
Stage 3	2 (2.9)
Renal replacement therapy
Dialysis required	19 (27.9)
Tropical fever etiology
Scrub typhus	43 (63.2)
Dengue (± coinfection)	18 (26.5)
Typhoid (± coinfection)	7 (10.3)
Outcomes
In-hospital mortality	8 (11.8)
Net negative outcome	23 (33.8)

Presented as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR). AKI: Acute kidney injury; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APACHE-II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ICU: Intensive care unit; IQR: Interquartile range; NIV: Non-invasive ventilation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment.