©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Crit Care Med. Mar 9, 2026; 15(1): 111114
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v15.i1.111114
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v15.i1.111114
Table 4 Etiologies of acute liver failure in different studies on acute kidney injury in acute liver failure, n (%)
| Ref. | Drugs | Viral hepatitis | AIH | Budd-Chiari syndrome | Pregnancy | Wilson’s disease | Shock/ischemia | Other/undetermined |
| Leithead et al[12] | 242 (78.5). PCM (89.6), non PCM (10.3) | 46 (14.9) | 5 (1.6) | 5 (1.6) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.6) |
| O’Riordan et al[13] | 302 (100). PCM (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Tujios et al[14] | 738 (46). PCM (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 84 (5.2) | 783 (48.8) |
| Urrunaga et al[15] | 777 (34). PCM (86.7), non PCM (13.2) | 216 (9.4) | 118 (5.1) | 3 (0.1) | 19 (0.8) | 13 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1134 (49.7) |
| Coelho et al[16] | 12 (23.5) | 15 (29.4) | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 8 (15.6) | 11 (21.6) |
| Hadem et al[17] | 45 (33.8). PCM (28.9), non PCM (71.1) | 31 (23.3) | 2 (1.5) | 9 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (0.7) | 43 (32.3) |
| Cardoso et al[18] | 497 (46.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 573 (53.5) |
| Imoto et al[19] | 5 (2.8). PCM (0), non PCM (100) | 71 (40.8) | 17 (9.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 81 (46.5) |
| Fidalgo et al[20] | 36 (34.6). PCM (50), non PCM (50) | 11 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (7.6) | 49 (47.1) |
- Citation: Ahmed A, Gautam M, Azim A, Chakravarti B, Tiwari M. Burden and impact of acute kidney injury in acute liver failure: A systematic review. World J Crit Care Med 2026; 15(1): 111114
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v15/i1/111114.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v15.i1.111114