In-hospital vs out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Arab Asian countries: A contemporary review of the literature

Table 2 In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in the Arab Asian studies, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Ref.	Type of study	Country	Population	Male:Female	Age	Cause of cardiac arrest	Type of initial rhythm	Type of CPR	Mortality	ROSC	STD 30-days or 1 year	Neurological outcome
Eltarras et al[41], 2021	Retrospective	Lebanon	n = 680	466:214	68 ± 17	Not mentioned	Shockable: 63. Non-shockable: 617	Manual	643 (94.6)	380 (55.9)	37 (5.4)	NA
Alao et al[42], 2024	Retrospective	UAE	n = 366	244:122	70 (55-81)	Cardiac 89, respiratory 67, others 210	Shockable: 30. Non-shockable: 336	Not mentioned	335 (91.5)	159 (43.4)	31 (8.5)	20 (5.5) good neurological outcomes
Alao et al[43], 2022	Prospective	UAE	n = 447	279:147	Survived 62.5 (47.5-80.8). Died 70 (55-81)	Survived: Cardiac 15, respiratory 10, others 21. Died: Cardiac 90, respiratory 74, others 216	Shockable: Survived 15, died 18. Unshockable: Survived 31. Died 362	Not mentioned	399 (89.2)	171 (40)	48 (10.8)	264 (59) good neurological outcomes
Aziz et al[44], 2018	Retrospective	UAE	n = 685	454:231	57.3 ± 23.3	Not mentioned	Shockable: 61. Non-shockable: 624	Not mentioned	632 (92.3)	262 (38.2)	53 (7.7)	NA
Alhajri et al[45], 2021	Retrospective	UAE	n = 20	12:8	Median 60.5	Presumed cardiac etiology	Shockable: 1. Non-shockable: 19	Not mentioned	12 (60)	19 (95)	8 (40)	NA
Khdr et al[46], 2019	Prospective	Iraq	n = 100	47:53	63.65 ± 16.7	Unknown 58, thrombosis 15, electrolyte disturbances 5, hypoxia 8, hypovolemia 13, toxins 1	Shockable: 23. Non-shockable: 77	Manual	88 (88)	12 (12)	12 (12)	NA
Kaki et al[47], 2017	Retrospective	KSA	n = 4361	2414:1937	40 ± 31	Cardiac 1806, respiratory 906, both 1292	Shockable: 497. Non-shockable: 3864	Manual	3024 (70)	1766 (40.4)	1330 (30)	NA
Al Bshabshe et al[48], 2019	Retrospective	KSA	n = 700	414:286	59.1 ± 22.3	Respiratory 46, cardiac 654	Shockable: 26. Non-shockable: 674	Manual	442(63.1)	NA	258 (36.9)	NA
Rasheed et al[49], 2016	Retrospective	KSA	n = 1350	889:461	Adults 44.39 ± 0.46. Geriatrics 77.58 ± 0.41	Not mentioned	Shockable: 92. Non-shockable: 1225	Manual	Adults: 542 (69.5). Geriatrics: 396 (69.5)	NA	Adults 237 (30.5). Geriatrics 173 (30.5)	NA
Alhaj Zeen et al[50], 2023	Retrospective	KSA	n = 351	264:87	56.6 ± 14.7	Cardiac 212, non-cardiac 33, respiratory 45, trauma 17, unknown 44	Shockable 23. Non-shockable 328	Manual	311 (88.6)	106 (30.2)	40 (11.4)	NA

ROSC: Return of spontaneous circulation; STD: Survival to discharge; KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; UAE: United Arab Emirates; CRP: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; NA: Not available.