Optic nerve sheath diameter trajectories and mortality in children with clinically relevant elevated intracranial pressure

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of study participants on pediatric intensive care unit admissions and associated outcomes at discharge (n = 69), n (%)/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Characteristics	Statistics
Age, (years)	6 (1-12)
Male patients	37 (54)
Traumatic brain injury	27 (39)
Cerebrovascular disease	14 (20)
Cerebral infection	3 (4.4)
Septic shock	5 (7.3)
Hydrocephalus	5 (7.3)
Hepatic encephalopathy	3 (4.4)
Asphyxia due to drowning	3 (4.4)
Abnormal pupils	19 (28)
Abnormal posture	1 (1.5)
Seizure	23 (33)
Cushing triad syndrome	2 (2.9)
GCS on admission	7 (6-7)
ONSD on right eyes, (mm)
ONSD on PICU admission	5.3 (5-5.6)
ONSD at 24 hours	5.2 (4.9-5.5)
ONSD at 48 hours	5.0 (4.7-5.3)
ONSD on left eyes, (mm)
ONSD on PICU admission	5.4 (5-5.6)
ONSD at 24 hours	5.3 (4.9-5.5)
ONSD at 48 hours	5.2 (4.8-5.5)
Variability of mean ONSD at 48 hours compared to baseline levels, (%)	-4.8 (-7.4-1)
CT scan of brain performed	67 (97)
MRI of brain performed	11 (16)
Vasopressor use	41 (59)
Vasoactive inotropic score	15 (0-30)
PELOD-2 score	6 (4-9)
Treatments
Mannitol infusion	35 (51)
Hypertonic saline 3% infusion	67 (97)
Decompressive craniectomy	27 (39)
External ventricular drainage	4 (5.8)
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt	5 (7.2)
Patient outcomes at discharge
Length of mechanical ventilation, (days)	4.2 (3.3-5.2)
Fatal outcome	16 (23.2)

GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; ONSD: Optic nerve sheath diameter; PELOD-2: Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.