Predictive accuracy of 4C Mortality Score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores for mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of all patients stratified by hospital outcome, n (%)

	All patients, n = 140	Alive, n = 121	Died, n = 19	P value
Age, years (mean ± SD)	55.6 ± 16.8	53.3 ± 16.6	70.1 ± 9.6	< 0.001
Sex				0.03
Male	87 (62.1)	71 (81.6)	16 (18.4)
Female	53 (37.9)	50 (94.3)	3 (5.7)
No of comorbidities				0.03
0	62 (44.3)	59 (95.2)	3 (4.8)
1	41 (29.3)	33 (80.5)	8 (19.5)
≥ 2	37 (26.4)	29 (78.4)	8 (21.6)
Process measures
Prone positioning				0.57
No	58 (41.4)	49 (85.5)	9 (15.5)
Yes	82 (58.6)	72 (87.8)	10 (12.2)
Mechanical ventilation				0.009
No	89 (63.6)	82 (92.1)	7 (7.9)
Yes	51 (36.4)	39 (76.5)	12 (23.5)
NIV + HFNP				0.15
No	50 (35.7)	46 (92.0)	4 (8.0)
Yes	90 (64.3)	75 (83.3)	15 (16.7)
Vasopressors				0.03
No	97 (69.3)	88 (90.7)	9 (9.3)
Yes	43 (30.7)	33 (76.7)	10 (23.3)
CRRT				0.69
No	138 (98.6)	120 (87.0)	18 (13.0)
Yes	2 (1.4)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
COVID specific treatment
Antiviral agents				0.57
No	58 (41.4)	49 (84.5)	9 (15.5)
Yes	82 (58.6)	72 (87.8)	10 (12.2)
Monoclonal antibodies				0.16
No	109 (77.9)	91 (83.5)	18 (16.5)
Tocilizumab	30 (21.4)	29 (96.7)	1 (3.3)
Sotrovimab	1 (0.7)	1 (100)	0 (0)
Baricitinib				0.53
No	97 (69.3)	85 (87.6)	12 (12.4)
yes	43 (30.7)	36 (83.7)	7 (16.3)
Length of stay, days
ICU, median and [IQR]	5.9 [3.2-12.8]	5 [2.8-11.2]	13 [9.8-18.3]	0.004
Hospital, median and [IQR]	13.2 [7.7-22.6]	11.9 [7.3-21.9]	18.4 [14.1-22.3]	0.09

NIV: Non-invasive ventilation; HFNP: O₂ via high flow nasal prongs; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU: Intensive care unit.