Outcome predictors of systemic lupus erythematosus requiring admission to the intensive care unit

Table 4 Treatment and outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus admitted to the intensive care unit, n (%)

Parameter	All patients (n = 77)	Survivors (n = 38)	Non-survivors (n = 39)	P value
Prior use of steroids	52 (67.5)	27 (71.1)	25 (64.1)	0.52
Steroids during stay	74 (96.1)	37 (97.4)	37 (94.9)	0.57
Pulse steroids	34 (44.2)	19 (50)	15 (38.5)	0.31
Intravenous immunoglobulin	9 (11.7)	3 (7.9)	6 (15.4)	0.31
Plasma exchange	10 (13)	7 (18.4)	3 (7.7)	0.16
Cyclophosphamide	26 (33.8)	19 (50)	7 (18)	0.003
Mycophenolate mofetil	18 (23.4)	12 (31.6)	6 (15.4)	0.09
Biologics	1 (4.5)	1 (2.6)	0	0.32
Respiratory support	72 (93.5)	33 (86.8)	39 (100)	0.03
Invasive ventilation	57 (74)	18 (47.4)	39 (100)	< 0.001
NIV alone	15 (19.4)	15 (100)	0
NIV and Invasive ventilation	38 (49.4)	20 (52.6)	18 (46.2)	0.57
Need for inotropes	41 (51.7)	2 (5.2)	39 (100)	0.001
Renal replacement therapy	25 (32.5)	14 (36.9)	11 (28.2)	0.42
Packed RBC transfusion	57 (74)	26 (68.4)	31 (79.5)	0.27
ICU length of stay	8.1 (7.2)	7.4 (6.2)	8.9 (8.1)	0.36
Hospital length of stay	18.9 (14.3)	22.3 (16.2)	16.5 (11.5)	0.04

All values are percentages unless specified. NIV: Non-invasive ventilation; RBC: Red blood cell; ICU: Intensive care unit.