Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19-associated septic shock

doi:10.5492/wjccm.v14.i3.108296

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Sep 9, 2025 (publication date) through Jul 22, 2025

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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2220-3141

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2025; 14(3): 108296
Published online Sep 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i3.108296

Table 3 In-hospital events/outcomes between Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White, n (%)

Variables	Non-Hispanic White (n = 227315)	Non-Hispanic Black (n = 76875)	Total (n = 304190)	P value	Adjusted odds ratio¹ (95%CI)	P value
In-hospital mortality	106620 (46.90)	35455 (46.12)	142075 (46.71)	0.2342	0.97 (0.92-1.02)	0.198
Mechanical ventilation	114560 (50.40)	43060 (56.01)	157620 (51.82)	< 0.001	1.15 (1.09-1.22)	< 0.001
AKI	144530 (63.58)	55230 (71.84)	199760 (65.67)	< 0.001	1.39 (1.32-1.46)	< 0.001
AKI requiring dialysis	23090 (10.16)	13690 (17.81)	36780 (12.09)	< 0.001	1.65 (1.54-1.76)	< 0.001
Cost of hospitalization	50702.65 ± 68069.31	58955.7 ± 75763.08	52790.8 ± 70187.56	< 0.001	-	-
Length of stay	14.40 ± 14.17	16.63 ± 16.40	14.97 ± 14.80	< 0.001	-	-

¹Adjusted for age, female, hospital teaching status, elective admission, insurance type, median household income, hospital region, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, obesity, alcohol use, drug use, depression.

AKI: Acute kidney injury.

Citation: Ang SP, Chia JE, Lorenzo-Capps MJ, Lee E, Iglesias J. Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19-associated septic shock. World J Crit Care Med 2025; 14(3): 108296
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v14/i3/108296.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v14.i3.108296