Significance of a hypotensive episode following traumatic injury: A retrospective observational study

Table 3 Comparison of demographics, clinical characteristics, management, and complications in hypotensive patients (n = 1188)

	Survivors (n = 862)	Non-survivors (n = 326)	P value
Age	29.5 ± 15.5	33.9 ± 16.6	0.001
Males	738 (85.6)	299 (91.7)	0.005
Associated injuries
Head	240 (27.8)	225 (69.0)	0.001
Chest	415 (48.1)	223 (68.4)	0.001
Abdomen	368 (42.7)	160 (49.1)	0.04
Pelvis	242 (28.1)	84 (25.8)	0.42
Shock index at scene	1.01 ± 0.41	0.97 ± 0.47	0.32
Shock index at ED	1.20 ± 0.49	1.49 ± 0.58	0.001
Injury severity score	17.9 ± 11.7	31.9 ± 12.9	0.001
GCS at ED	15 (3-15)	3 (3-15)	0.001
Head AIS	3.3 ± 0.9	4.4 ± 0.8	0.001
Chest AIS	2.9 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.8	0.001
Abdomen AIS	2.8 ± 1.0	3.0 ± 1.1	0.02
Intubation	415 (48.1)	323 (99.1)	0.001
Exploratory laparotomy	166 (19.3)	98 (30.1)	0.001
Craniotomy/craniectomy	29 (3.4)	11 (3.4)	0.99
ORIF	225 (26.1)	3 (0.9)	0.001
Blood transfusion	506 (58.7)	287 (88.0)	0.001
Blood units transfused	6 (1-56)	8 (1-73)	0.001
MTP activation	197 (22.9)	184 (56.4)	0.001
Complications
ARDS	25 (2.9)	24 (7.4)	0.001
VAP	100 (11.6)	24 (7.4)	0.03
Sepsis	35 (4.1)	22 (6.7)	0.05
ICU LOS	7 (1-112)	3 (1-115)	0.001
Ventilator days	6 (1-97)	2 (1-115)	0.001
Hospital length of stay	14 (1-360)	2 (1-115)	0.001

Data were presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or medians (range) whenever appropriate. ED: Emergency department; GCS: Glasgow Coma score; AIS: Abbreviated injury score; ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation; MTP: Massive transfusion protocol; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay.