Significance of a hypotensive episode following traumatic injury: A retrospective observational study

Table 2 Overall demographics, clinical characteristics, management, and complications based on outcome (n = 17341)

	Survivors (n = 16692)	Non-survivors (n = 649)	P value
Age	32.1 ± 15.5	37.0 ± 17.9	0.001
Males	14993 (89.8)	603 (92.9)	0.01
Scene shock index	0.73 ± 0.22	0.81 ± 0.41	0.001
ED shock index	0.74 ± 0.23	1.09 ± 0.54	0.001
Hypotension	862 (5.2)	326 (50.2)	0.001
Injury severity score	11.7 ± 8.5	31.6 ± 12.5	0.001
GCS at ED	15 (3-15)	3 (3-15)	0.001
Head AIS	3.3 ± 0.9	4.5 ± 0.8	0.001
Chest AIS	2.6 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.8	0.001
Abdomen AIS	2.5 ± 0.9	2.9 ± 1.1	0.001
Intubation	2562 (15.3)	637 (98.2)	0.001
Exploratory laparotomy	753 (4.5)	139 (21.4)	0.001
Craniotomy/craniectomy	477 (2.9)	64 (9.9)	0.001
ORIF	3137 (18.8)	10 (1.5)	0.001
Blood transfusion	2546 (15.3)	506 (78.0)	0.001
Blood units transfused	3 (1-56)	8 (1-79)	0.001
MTP activation	382 (2.3)	253 (39.0)	0.001
Complications
ARDS	78 (0.5)	57 (8.8)	0.001
VAP	574 (3.4)	71 (10.9)	0.001
Sepsis	222 (1.3)	47 (7.2)	0.001
ICU LOS	4 (1-161)	5 (1-144)	0.04
Ventilator days	4 (1-180)	4 (1-144)	0.52

Data were presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or medians (range) whenever appropriate. ED: Emergency department; GCS: Glasgow Coma score; AIS: Abbreviated injury score; ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation; MTP: Massive transfusion protocol; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay.