Significance of a hypotensive episode following traumatic injury: A retrospective observational study

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of trauma patients based on hemodynamic status (January 01, 2011 to April 30, 2021)

	Overall (n = 17341)	Normotensive (n = 16153)	Hypotensive (n = 1188)	P value
Age	32.3 ± 15.6	32.4 ± 15.6	30.5 ± 15.9	0.001
Males	15596 (89.9)	14559 (90.1)	1037 (87.3)	0.002
Vital signs at scene
Pulse rate	92.8 ± 21.2	92.3 ± 20.5	99.1 ± 27.9	0.001
SBP	130.8 ± 23.2	132.6 ± 21.4	106.3 ± 30.9	0.001
DBP	81.7 ± 18.4	82.6 ± 17.3	69.9 ± 26.3	0.001
GCS	15 (3-15)	15 (3-15)	14 (3-15)	0.001
Shock index	0.73 ± 0.23	0.71 ± 0.19	1.00 ± 0.43	0.001
Vital signs at ED
Pulse rate	91.6 ± 20.5	90.5 ± 19.5	107.3 ± 27.5	0.001
SBP	126.7 ± 20.9	128.9 ± 18.6	91.4 ± 22.2	0.001
DBP	77.1 ± 14.7	78.3 ± 13.6	57.7 ± 16.9	0.001
GCS	15 (3-15)	15 (3-15)	14 (3-15)	0.001
Shock index (n = 16622)	0.75 ± 0.26	0.72 ± 0.19	1.25 ± 0.52	0.001
Injury severity score	12.4 ± 9.5	11.7 ± 8.9	21.8 ± 13.6	0.001
Head AIS	3.4 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 0.9	3.9 ± 1.0	0.001
Chest AIS	2.7 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.8	0.001
Abdomen AIS	2.5 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 1.0	0.001
Intubation	3199 (18.4)	2461 (15.2)	738 (62.1)	0.001
Exploratory laparotomy	892 (5.1)	628 (3.9)	264 (22.2)	0.001
Blood transfusion	3052 (17.6)	2259 (14.0)	793 (66.8)	0.001
Blood units transfused	4 (1-79)	3 (1-79)	7 (1-73)	0.001
MTP activation	635 (3.6)	254 (1.6)	381 (32.1)	0.001
VAP	645 (3.7)	521 (3.2)	124 (10.4)	0.001
Sepsis	269 (1.6)	212 (1.3)	57 (4.8)	0.001
ARDS	135 (0.8)	86 (0.5)	49 (4.1)	0.001
Ventilator days	4 (1-180)	4 (1-180)	4 (1-115)	0.52
ICU LOS	4 (1-161)	4 (1-161)	5 (1-115)	0.001
Hospital LOS	5 (1-505)	5 (1-505)	8 (1-360)	0.001
Mortality	649 (3.7)	323 (2.0)	326 (27.4)	0.001

Data were presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or medians (range) whenever appropriate. Hypotension is defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg at prehospital/trauma room. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ED: Emergency department; GCS: Glasgow Coma score; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; AIS: Abbreviated injury score; MTP: Massive transfusion protocol; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay.