Postoperative atrial fibrillation in emergent non-cardiac surgery: Risk factors and outcomes from a ten-year intensive-care unit retrospective study

Table 4 Main outcomes and atrial fibrillation treatment, n (%)

Variables of Interest	POAF, hx (n = 22)	POAF, no hx (n = 23)	No POAF, hx (n = 35)	No POAF, no hx (n = 267)	Overall (n = 347)	P value
Outcome
Stroke	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	8 (3.0)	9 (2.6)	1.000
Myocardial infarction	2 (9.1)	3 (13.0)	0 (0.0)	6 (2.2)	11 (3.2)	0.018
Major adverse limb event	1 (4.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	0.064
Systemic embolism	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	6 (2.2)	6 (1.7)	1.000
Major bleeding	7 (31.8)	6 (26.1)	5 (14.3)	38 (14.2)	56 (16.1)	0.093
Cardiac arrest	7 (31.8)	8 (34.8)	2 (5.7)	39 (14.6)	56 (16.1)	0.005
Postoperative day of POAF (mean, SD days)	8.9 (19.4)	7.9 (7.6)	-	-	-	0.073
ICU-LOS in days (median, IQR)	11.5 (6.3-17.8)	9.0 (5.0-22.0)	5.0 (0.0-11.5)	4.0 (1.0-8.0)	5.0 (2.0-10.0)	< 0.001
All-cause mortality	6 (27.3)	10 (43.5)	3 (8.6)	47 (17.6)	66 (19.0)	< 0.001
POAF treatment
B-blocker	16 (72.7)	13 (56.5)	-	-	-	0.353
Calcium channel blockers	5 (22.7)	5 (21.7)	-	-	-	1.000
Amiodarone	6 (27.3)	6 (26.1)	-	-	-	1.000
DOAC	3 (13.6)	1 (4.3)	-	-	-	0.346
Warfarin	0 (0.0)	2 (8.7)	-	-	-	0.489
Heparin infusion	1 (4.5)	2 (8.7)	-	-	-	1.000

POAF: Postoperative atrial fibrillation; hx: History; IQR: Interquartile range; IVF: Intravenous fluid; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: Length of stay; DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulant.