Management of critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder

Table 13 Ideal intensive care unit design for caring for children with autism spectrum disorder

Aspect	Elements	Description
Sensory-friendly environment	Adjustable lighting	Dimmable, soft, indirect lighting; natural light with blinds/shades
	Noise reduction	Soundproofing materials, quiet alarms, and communication systems
	Calm color scheme	Soft blues, greens, and neutrals; avoid bright, contrasting colors
	Controlled climate	Adjustable temperature controls
	Safe spaces	Designated areas with sensory-friendly items like weighted blankets and soft seating
Private rooms	Individualized spaces	Private rooms or areas spacious enough for caregivers
	Personalization	Allow familiar items from home like toys, blankets, and pictures
Communication enhancements	Visual supports	Communication boards and visual aids with pictures, symbols, and words
	Technology integration	Tablets with communication apps/tools for non-verbal/Limited verbal children
	Information boards	Display daily schedules and procedures visually
Safety and comfort	Minimal physical restraint	Non-invasive monitoring techniques; comfortable, safe furniture
	Secure environment	Measures to prevent wandering while allowing caregiver/staff access
	Comfort items	Sensory-friendly items like weighted blankets, fidget toys, noise-canceling headphones
Family involvement	Caregiver accommodation	Space for caregivers to stay (e.g., fold-out bed, recliner)
	Family areas	Dedicated areas for caregivers to rest, eat, take breaks
	Family support services	Spaces for counseling and family conferences
Medical and therapeutic spaces	Therapy rooms	Spaces for occupational, physical, and speech therapy with sensory-friendly tools
	Medical Equipment	Quiet infusion pumps and monitors with dimmable displays
Emergency preparedness	Crisis intervention spaces	Areas equipped with sensory-friendly calming tools and trained personnel
	Emergency plans	Accessible emergency plans with visual guides for procedures
Collaboration and training areas	Staff training rooms	Spaces for ongoing ASD-specific care strategy training
	Collaboration spaces	Areas for interdisciplinary team meetings and care coordination

ASD: Autism spectrum disorder.