Delayed inflammatory pulmonary syndrome: A distinct clinical entity in the spectrum of inflammatory syndromes in COVID-19 infection?

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Baseline characteristics of the study cohort (n = 5)
Age (mean ± SD) yr	48.2 (14.2)
Male: Female ratio	4: 1
APACHE-II score at admission (median, IQR)	19 (10-21)
Day of worsening from date of onset of symptoms (Median, IQR)	32 (23-35)
Oxygenation parameters (median, IQR) PF ratio
Peak PF ratio prior to onset of DIPS	326 (243-329)
PF ratio at onset of DIPS	182 (156-190)
Peak PF ratio after immunomodulation	353 (327-353)
Ventilation data (median, IQR) d
Duration of mechanical ventilationa prior to the onset of DIPS	9 (2-16)
Duration of mechanical ventilation after the onset of DIPS	13 (10-23)
Inflammatory markers (median, IQR)
CRP (mg/L) at baseline	142 (113-182)
CRP (mg/L) at onset of DIPS	165.5 (157-212)
Ferritin (ng/mL) at baseline	270.2 (191-349)
Ferritin (ng/mL) at onset of DIPS	677.5 (382-1893)
IL-6 (pg/mL) at onset of DIPS (median, IQR)	207.4 (163-311)

^aMechanical ventilation includes both invasive and non-invasive ventilation.

SD: Standard deviation; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; PF: (PaO₂/FIO₂); IQR: Interquartile range; DIPS: Delayed inflammatory pulmonary syndrome; CRP: C reactive protein (reference range: < 6 mg/L). Ferritin reference range (male: 22-322 ng/mL; female: 10-291 ng/mL); IL: Interleukin (reference range: < 7 pg/mL);