Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2021; 10(5): 170-182
Published online Sep 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.170
Table 1 Orosomucoid-like protein 3 roles in regulating human rhinovirus infection
Regulating molecules and processes
The roles in human rhinovirus infection
Ref.
ICAM1ORMDL3 regulates ICAM1 expression for influencing HRV adhesion and entrance and viral load[56,61,62]
ER stressORMDL3 regulates ER stress and the ER stress can induce PERK and IRE1 pathways that affect HRV infection[61,63,65]
Ceramide and S1PORMDL3 regulates ceramide and S1P levels. S1P and ceramide are responsible for cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and cell-cycle arrest; they also affect ICAM1 expression[55,61,71,72,77]
ER-Golgi interfaceHRV can both fragment the Golgi apparatus and block secretion. ORMDL3 regulates ER-Golgi interface through ER stress and sphingolipid metabolism[61,84,85]
GlycolysisORMDL3 regulates glycolysis. Glycolysis can determine the extent of replication of HRVs in cells[61,91]