Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 1 Indications and contraindications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in coronavirus disease 19 patients[17,19]

Indications
Refractory hypoxemia despite prone positioning and high PEEP
ARDS requiring vasoactive drugs due to COVID-19 (vasopressors)
Evidence of one organ failure with minimal co-morbidities
Contraindications
Multiple comorbidities
Immunocompromised status
Severe global developmental delay
Intracranial hemorrhage
Irreversible severe brain damage
Severe multiple organ failure
Mechanical ventilation for > 14 d before ECMO initiation

PEEP: Positive end expiratory pressure; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 19; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.