Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Surg Proced. Mar 28, 2015; 5(1): 1-13
Published online Mar 28, 2015. doi: 10.5412/wjsp.v5.i1.1
Table 5 Appropriate indications for the use of transanal excision/transanal endoscopic microsurgery/transanal minimally invasive surgery or endoscopic mucosal resection
CategoryPrimary approachSecondary or individualized approach
Benign pathologyLow rectum: TAE or TEMS Middle to high rectum: TEMS/TAMIS/EMR or LAR Proximal to rectum: EMR or L/O CRVery large lesion: LAR
Borderline pathologyCarcinoid < 1 cm with favorable features: TEMS/TAMIS Scar after colonoscopic removal of cancerous polyp: TEMS/TAMIS Uncertain dignity: TEMS/TAMIS mucosal resection as excisional biopsyExcisional biopsy with TEMS/TAMIS/TAE → LAR if malignant?
Malignant (Rectum)u/pT1: LAR u/pT2: LAR u/pT3: CRT + LAR Recurrence: CRT + LAR Carcinoid > 1 cm: LARu/pT1 + morbidity: TAE/TEMS/TAMIS u/pT2: TAE/TEMS/TAMIS + CRT
Malignant (Colon)pTis: EMR/polypectomy pT1: L/O CR (unless free stalk > 2 mm) > T1: L/O CRpTis (large): L/O CR pT1 + morbidity: EMR + observation