Initial experience of minimally invasive triple valve surgery in a developing country

Table 3 Comparison of minimally invasive multi-valve surgery outcomes

Ref.	Number of patients	Age (year), mean ± SD	Procedure type	Cross-clamp time (minute)	CPB time (minute)	ICU stay (days)	Hospital Stay (days)	30-Day Mortality	Major complications1
Lio et al[13]	12	66 ± 12	AVR + MVR + TVr	95 ± 32	135 ± 41	NR	NR	0%	Stroke 29%, PPM 4.3%
Elmahdy et al[17]	6	76.7 ± 5.4	AVR + MVR + TVr	136 (IQR 119-188)	185 (IQR 145-231)	2.58 (62 hours)	12 (IQR 7-23)	33% (2 patients)	Post-op AF 2 patients
Moront et al[18]	18	Not reported	AVR + MVR + TVr	NR	NR	1.22 (IQR 1.16-1.31)	9 (IQR 6-17)	0%	Neurologic 2, AKI 2, PPM 5
Current our Series	4	33	MVR + AVR + TVr	149	257.5	1.25	5.5	0%	Post-op AF one patients

¹Major complications include re-exploration for bleeding, stroke, acute kidney injury, postoperative atrial fibrillation, or permanent pacemaker implantation.

CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU: Intensive care unit; AVR: Aortic valve replacement; MVR: Mitral valve replacement; TVr: Tricuspid valve repair; IQR: Interquartile range; NR: Not reported; AF: Atrial fibrillation; AKI: Acute kidney injury; PPM: Permanent pacemaker.