Initial experience of minimally invasive triple valve surgery in a developing country

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics and operative data of patients undergoing triple valve surgery

Characteristic	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3	Patient 4
Age (years)	35	41	16	40
Sex	Male	Male	Male	Male
NYHA class	II	II	III	III
LVEF (%)	42.9	47	50	61
Pathology (AS/AR/MS/MR/TR)	MS, MR, AS, AR, TR	MS, MR, AS, AR, TR	MR, MS, AR, AS, TR	MS, MR, AS, AR
ACC time (minute)	195	114	117	170
CPB time (minute)	320	200	270	240
MVR valve (type/size mm)	ATS, 28	SJM, 29	SJM, 27	SJM, 29
AVR valve (type/size mm)	ATS, 20	SJM, 21	SJM19	SJM, 21
TVr technique	Pericardial strip	Pericardial strip	Pericardial strip	Pericardial strip
Association procedure	LAA plication and LA thrombus removal	No	LAA plication	No

NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; AS: Aortic stenosis; AR: Aortic regurgitation; MS: Mitral stenosis; MR: Mitral regurgitation; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation; ACC: Aortic cross-clamp; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; MVR: Mitral valve replacement; AVR: Aortic valve replacement; TVr: Tricuspid valve repair; ATS: ATS medical mechanical valve; SJM: St. Jude medical mechanical valve; LAA: Left atrial appendage; LA: Left atrium.