Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Clin Pediatr. Oct 25, 2018; 7(4): 89-104
Published online Oct 25, 2018. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v7.i4.89
Table 5 Previous investigations, diagnoses and therapies in children with perianal infectious dermatitis
Name, yr, countryPopulation size; age; sexPrevious performed investigations and/or suspected diagnosisPrevious therapy
Spear, 1985, United States[28]14; mean age 3.9 yr (range: 1-10 yr); M/F: 3.7/12 proctoscopies under general anesthesia, upper gastrointestinal x-ray series, barium enema; anal fissure, IBD, behavior disturbance, psychogenic stool holding, psoriasis, candidiasis, ammoniacal diaper dermatitisLaxatives, suppositories, hydrocortisone, polymyxin, bacitracin and neomycin, povidone-iodine, triamcinolone
Farmer, 1987, United Kingdom[65]1. 4 yr, M1. Anal pinworms (negative)1. Piperazine, miconazole, and hydrocortisone cream
2. 5 yr, F2. Anal pinworms (negative)2. Clotrimazole cream
Kokx, 1987, United States[4]31; 7 mo to 8 yr, mean 4.25 ± 1.8 yr; M 77%Hemorrhoids, poor hygiene, perianal allergy to toilet paper perfumes, rectal fissures, and/or constipation
Rehder, 1998, United States[61]1. 3 yr, M1. Soaks, topical antifungals and corticosteroids
2. 3 yr, M2. Topical hydrocortisone, nystatin, triamcinolone and zinc oxide
3. 4 yr, M3. Pinworms3. Oral cefaclor, with clearing of erythema, but recurrence
Marks, 1988, United States[63]5 yr, MPinworms and stool for ova and parasites: negativeTopical A and D ointment, hydrocortisone, ketoconazole
Duhra, 1990, United Kingdom[29]5 yr, MConsidered as possible case of sexual abuse; threadworms, candidiasis, psoriasis and eczemaTreatment for threadworms, candidiasis, psoriasis and eczema
Goodyear, 1991, United Kingdom[30]4 yr, MExamination under anesthesia and proctoscopyStool softeners, stimulant laxatives, topical anesthetics, steroid and antifungal creams
Montemarano, 1993, United States[32]3 yr, MTopical and oral nystatin
Grant, 1993, United Kingdom[10]20; 5 mo to 12 yr; 75% M2 cases: suspected Crohn’s disease 1 case: suspected sexual abuse3 patients treated for worms, 7 treated for constipation, 5 topical treatment (steroids, lignocaine, eosin, fucidin)
Guppy, 1993, Australia[33]1. 7 yr, M1. Topical antifungal, antibacterial and steroid creams, oral pyrantel embonate and metronidazole
2-3. 5 and 2.5 yr2-3. Various antifungal, antibacterial and steroid creams, oral pyrantel embonate
4. 4 yr, M4. Local nystatin, hydrocortisone; oral pyrantel embonate
Patrizi, 1994, Italy[22]5; 4-10 yr; 3 MTopical agents, including steroid cream
Bugatti, 1998, Italy[39]12 yr, MTopical antifungal agents
Adams, 1999, Canada[40]1 yr, MTopical corticosteroids and clotrimazole
Roos, 1999, Sweden[41]5 yr, MTopical steroids
Herbst, 2000, Germany[9]4 yr, MVarious ointments for the last several months
Brilliant, 2000, United States[43]1. 4 yr, M1. Topical ointment and baby powder, topical antifungal
4. 4 yr, F4. Topical antifungal
Heidelberger, 2000, Germany[45]1. 6 yr, M1. Tannolact seat baths and topical tetracycline
2. 9 yr, M2. Tannolact seat baths and topical clotrimazole
Soulliet, 2000, France[13]7 yr, FCandidiasisNystatin unsuccessful for suspected candidiasis
Lunghi, 2001, Italy[47]Brother (4 yr) and sister (6 yr)Both: Local and oral antifungal drugs for 4 mo
Mateo, 2002, Spain[19]10; 9 mo to 7 yr; 6 M4 cases: 2 steroids cream, 1 clotrimazole cream and 1 betamethasone and clotrimazole cream
Reimer,2004, Sweden[50]1. 4 yr, M1. Pinworms (negative)
3. 4 yr, F3. Local ointment (kenacutan)
Jongen, 2008, Germany[8]21; < 14 yr (mean age 6.3 yr), 76% MAnoscopy and rectoscopy: negativeTopical agents (zinc paste, corticosteroids, antimycotic ointments)
Rasi, 2009, Iran[56]4 yr, MTopical antibiotics, steroids and antifungal creams, 3 mo
Zhang, 2016, Canada[3]1: 4 yr, M1. Topical terbinafine and hydrocortisone acetate
3: 3 yr, F3. Gentle skin care, zinc barrier cream, topical antifungals, corticosteroids, and mupirocin
Garritsen, 2017, Netherlands[60]19 mo, MTopical corticosteroids and antimycotic agents
Serban, present paper, Romania1. 9 yr 4 mo, M1. Psoriasis, pinworms, candidiasis, eczema; Hospitalization in 6 public clinics and 2 private hospitals; upper and lower endoscopy under general anesthesia; magnetic resonance enterography – all negative; considered as Crohn’s disease and sent to our clinic1. Topical antibiotics, steroids, antifungal and anesthetics creams; oral antiallergics
2. 9 yr 6 mo, M2. Pinworms, intestinal dysbiosis2. Oral probiotics and therapy against worms; topical baneocin and neomycin, cortisone and anti-hemorrhoids
3. 11 yr 9 mo, M3. Eczema, anal fissure, constipation3. Oral probiotics, osmotic laxatives and stool softeners; topical hydrocortisone, cicatrizants