Systematic review of character development and childhood chronic illness

Table 2 Summary of studies measuring character development of youth with chronic conditions

Ref.	n	Subjects	Measures	Results
Sam et al[15]	15	Deaf	Kohlberg Moral Judgment Instrument	Moral reasoning for deaf participants was at a lower/basic stage of development compared to norms
		Ages 12-15 yr
Guse et al[13]	42	21 cancer survivors	Values in Action Inventory for Youth	No difference in mean scores
		21 healthy peers
		Matched on age, race, and gender
		Ages 12-19 yr (mean = 16 yr)
Russell et al[14]	85	Burn survivors	Tennessee Self-Concept scale - Moral subscale	Scores on moral subscale lower than norms (P = 0.036). Subscale includes moral identity, satisfaction, and behavior
		Ages 18-30 yr (mean = 21 yr)