Rituximab for troublesome cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome

Table 1 Summary of published studies of rituximab in childhood nephrotic syndrome

Ref.	Demographics	Histologic findings	No. of doses	Outcome
Gulati et al[7]	SDNS Age (mean): 12.7 ± 9.1 yr 33 SRNS M: 17 F: 16 Age (mean): 11.7 ± 2.9 yr M: 19 F: 5	SRNS 17 MCD (51%) 16 FSGS (49%) SDNS 12 MCD (50%) 2 FSGS (8%) 2 Mesangial hypercelluarity (8%) 8 No biopsy (33%)	SDNS 2 doses SRNS 4 doses	SDNS: 1 yr 20 remission; after 1 yr, 17 still in remission SRNS at 9 mo: 9 CP, 7 PR, 17 NON After 1 yr: 7 CR, 8 PR
Kemper et al[8]	37 SDNS M: 25 F: 12 Age (mean): 4.4 ± 3.1 yr		1-4 doses	After 1 yr, 26 patients (70.3%) remained in remission After 2 yr, 12 patients (41%) remained in remission
Guignonis et al[5]	22 SDNS Age: 6.3-22 yr			Immunosuppressive withdrawn in 19 patients with no relapse of proteinuria (85%)
Iijima et al[11]	48 SRNS RTX 24 (intervention) Placebo 24 (control)		4 infusions weekly for 4 doses
Tellier et al[12]	18 SDNS M: 9 F: 9 Age (median): 2.8 yr (1.6-7.4)		One to four infusions	22% had remission without relapse and increased duration of remission
Kimata et al[17]	5 SDNS Age (median): 6.3 yr (0.9-8.4)		Four doses every 3 mo	Number of relapses = 0 after the last dose of RTX
Ravani et al[13]	46 PT SDNS Age (mean): 9.9 ± 4.3 yr M: 29 F:17		One to five	Probability of remission after rituximab At 6 mo: 48% At 1 yr: 20% At 2 yr: 10%
Magnasco et al[20]	SRNS 31 Median: 7.9 ± 4.1 yr M: 19 F: 12 Control group: 15 Intervention: 16	19 FSGS (61%) 7 MCD (23%) 5 no biopsy (16%)		No change in proteinuria
Prytula et al[16]	SDNS/FR 28 Age (median): 4 yr (18 mo -17 yr) M: 25 F: 3 SRNS 27 Age (median): 3 yr (18 mo-11 yr) M: 17 F: 10	SDNS MCD 17 FSGS 5 Mesangial proliferation 2 IgM nephropathy 1 No biopsy 3 SRNS 11 MCD 11 FSGS Mesangial proliferation 3 IgM nephropathy 1 No Biopsy 1		SDNS CR: 17 (61%) PR: 8 (28% NR: 3 (11%) SRNS CR 6 (22%) PR 12 (44%) NR 9 (34%)

CR: Complete remission; PR: Partial remission; NR: Nephrotic syndrome; NONE: No response; M: Male; F: Female; SDNS: Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome; SRNS: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome; MCD: Minimal change disease; FSGS: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.