Screen time exposure, sleep alterations, and their relationship with excess weight in children and adolescents

Table 1 Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the cohort, n (%)

	Total cohort, n = 70	Normal weight, n = 26	Obesity, n = 44	P value
Age (years)	10.8 (3.3)	10.9 (3.7)	10.7 (3.0)	0.61
Sex				0.82
Female	35 (50)	14 (54)	21 (48)
Male	35 (50)	12 (46)	23 (52)
Weight (kg)	60.6 (25.1)	47.5 (23.8)	68.4 (22.7)	< 0.0011
Height (cm)	148.7 (19.6)	147.2 (24.3)	149.6 (16.5)	0.921
BMI (kg/m2)	26.0 (6.5)	20.1 (4.8)	29.5 (4.5)	< 0.0011
BMI (SDS)	2.2 (1.8)	0.2 (1.0)	3.3 (0.9)	< 0.0011
VFA	92.5 (58.0)	44.9 (40.1)	119.1 (48.9)	< 0.0011
Body fat percentage (%)	33.0 (12.1)	20.4 (9.7)	40.0 (6.0)	< 0.0011
Family history of DM				0.0272
No	27 (43)	13 (65)	14 (33)
Yes	36 (57)	7 (35)	29 (67)
Paternal educational level				0.0562
No formal education or incomplete primary school	2 (3.8)	0 (0)	2 (6.5)
Primary or secondary	33 (62)	11 (50)	22 (71)
University degree	18 (34)	11 (50)	7 (23)
Maternal educational level				0.0062
No formal education or incomplete primary school	2 (3.4)	0 (0)	2 (6.2)
Primary or secondary	38 (66)	13 (50)	25 (78)
University degree	18 (31)	13 (50)	5 (16)

¹P value determined by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.

²P value determined by the χ² test.

VFA: Visceral fat area; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; SDS: Standard Deviation Score.