Shortened eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine plus skin cooling for pediatric vaccination pain: A randomized non-inferiority trial

Table 4 Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with any pain (Wong-Baker score ≥ 1) immediately after injection and at 5 minutes after injection

Time point	Variable	Univariable P value	Multivariable OR (95%CI)	Multivariable P value
Immediately after injection	Younger age (per 1-year decrease)	0.020	1.10 (0.96-1.26)	0.180
	Fear of needles (not afraid vs afraid)	0.010	0.39 (0.19-0.82)	0.012
5 minutes after injection	BMI z-score -1.5 to -3 (underweight)	0.050	0.38 (0.12-1.19)	0.100
	Parental education = high school (vs Bachelor)	0.040	0.37 (0.09-1.48)	0.160
	Number of siblings (greater)	0.030	0.61 (0.32-1.16)	0.130

Logistic regression of any pain (Wong-Baker score ≥ 1) vs no pain (score 0). Variables with univariable P < 0.20 were entered into the multivariable model. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.