Gastric motility abnormalities in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Table 1 Key medical management points of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children

No.	Key medical management points
1	Use of thickened feeding for visible regurgitation/vomiting in infants with GERD
2	Modification of feeding volumes and frequency according to age and weight to minimize overfeeding
3	Use of a 2-4-week trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein-based (or amino-acid-based) formula in infants when optimal pharmacological management failed to improve symptoms
4	Use of head elevation and left lateral positioning in children, not in infants
5	Providing parental/patient educational material and support
6	Use of PPI as first-line treatment of reflux-related erosive esophagitis in infants and children with GERD for 8 weeks
7	Use of H2RAs in the treatment of reflux-related erosive esophagitis when PPIs are not available

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; H2RA: Histamine-2 receptor antagonists; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.