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Observational Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2026; 15(4): 117203
Published online Dec 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.117203
Table 1 Characteristics of study participants, n (%)/median (interquartile range)
Parameters
All (n = 299)
Non-survivors (n = 105)
Survivors (n = 194)
P value
Gestational age (weeks), mean ± SD33.3 ± 2.9031.5 ± 3.0934.3 ± 2.24< 0.001a
Birth weight (kg)1.89 (1.40-2.40)1.47 (1.00-2.00)2.07 (1.67-2.60)< 0.001a
Male173 (57.9)54 (51.4)119 (61.3)0.098
Multiple gestation82 (27.4)28 (26.7)54 (27.8)0.829
Cesarean section239 (79.9)79 (75.2)160 (82.5)0.136
Gestational diabetes19 (6.4)4 (3.8)15 (7.7)0.222
Gestational hypertension70 (23.4)24 (22.9)46 (23.7)0.868
Premature rupture of membranes48 (16.1)21 (20.0)27 (13.9)0.171
Apgar score at 5 minutes7 (6-8)6 (4-6)8 (7-8)< 0.001a
Resuscitation required78 (26.1)59 (56.2)19 (9.8)< 0.001a
Non-invasive respiratory support212 (70.9)72 (68.6)140 (72.2)0.514
Invasive ventilation107 (35.8)97 (92.4)10 (5.2)< 0.001a
Main system affection0.074
Respiratory250 (83.6)90 (85.7)160 (82.5)
Cardiac11 (3.7)3 (2.9)8 (4.1)
Endocrine11 (3.7)1 (0.95)10 (5.2)
Neurologic12 (4.0)9 (8.6)3 (1.6)
Renal5 (1.67)05 (2.6)
Gastrointestinal4 (1.3)1 (0.95)3 (1.6)
Hematologic4 (1.3)04 (2.1)
Others2 (0.67)1 (0.95)1 (0.52)
CRIB II4 (3-6)6 (4-10)3 (3-4)< 0.001a
SNAP-II5 (0-12)16 (5-24)0 (0-5)< 0.001a
SNAPPE-II5 (0-16)17 (7-26)1 (0-5)< 0.001a
STOPS2 (2-4)4 (3-7)2 (2-2)< 0.001a
MSNS11 (8-13)7 (5-9)12 (11-13)< 0.001a
nSOFA2 (0-4)6 (4-8)0 (0-2)< 0.001a


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