Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and dyslipidemia in obese children with metabolic syndrome

Table 2 Laboratory investigations among the studied groups

Variable	Group Ia (H. pylori-negative) (n = 35)	Group Ib (H. pylori-positive) (n = 35)	P value
ALT (U/L), median (IQR)	40.6 (28.9-53.7)	74.1 (57.8-85.2)	< 0.001a
AST (U/L), median (IQR)	36.8 (33.2-40.4)	72.7 (56.5-89.9)	< 0.001a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD	180.7 ± 56.9	193.1 ± 49.2	0.333
Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean ± SD	135.2 ± 15.9	163.1 ± 23.9	< 0.001a
LDL-C (mg/dL), mean ± SD	123.4 ± 14.2	137.9 ± 18.9	< 0.001a
HDL-C (mg/dL), mean ± SD	48.4 ± 19.3	33.2 ± 13.5	< 0.001a
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SD	109.5 ± 22.7	158.5 ± 40.1	< 0.001a
HbA1c (%), mean ± SD	7.4 ± 1.7	8.5 ± 2.2	0.019a
2-hour postprandial glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SD	98.5 ± 5.2	102.2 ± 8.4	0.033a
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL), mean ± SD	3.9 ± 1.0	9.4 ± 3.6	< 0.001a
HOMA-IR, mean ± SD	1.06 ± 0.36	3.61 ± 1.45	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.05.

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and as mean ± SD for the remaining continuous variables. HOMA-IR was calculated as fasting insulin (μIU/mL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/405. Mann-Whitney U test was used for ALT and AST; independent t-test was used for the remaining continuous variables. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IQR: Interquartile range; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.