Vardenafil efficacy for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Vardenafil group (n = 37)	Sildenafil group (n = 18)
Gestational age (week)	37.07 ± 1.95	37.74 ± 1.54
Full term/preterm	26 (70.3)/11 (29.7)	14 (77.8)/4 (22.1)
Maternal age (year)	25.90 ± 6.89	29.62 ± 6.83
Antenatal history
Steroids	1 (2.7)	2 (11.1)
Gestational diabetes	4 (10.81)	0
Gestational hypertension	4 (10.81)	1 (5.5)
Delivery cesarian/vaginal	27 (73)/10 (27)	12 (65)/6 (35)
Birth weight (kg)	2.86 ± 0.54	2.65 ± 0.57
Gender (female:male)	21 (56.8):16 (43.2)	11 (61):7 (39)
Deformities	3 (8.1) trisomy 21; 1 (2.7) omphalocele	2 (11.1) piere robin; 2 (11.1) meningocele
Age at diagnosis (day)	2.38 ± 0.83	2.22 ± 0.55
PDA shunt R-L or bidirectional	8 (21.62)	3 (16.67)
PFO shunt R-L or bidirectional	7 (18.9)	6 (33.33)
Tricuspid regurgitation	37 (100)	18 (100)
Pulmonary mid systolic notch	37 (100)	18 (100)
Secondary PPHN causes	21 (56.7) sepsis	10 (55.5) sepsis
	2 (5.4) erythrocytosis	2 (11.1) MAS
	1 (2.7) asphyxia	1 (5.5) asphyxia
	1 (2.7) CDH	1 (5.5) RDS

PDA: Persistent ductus arteriosus; R-L: Right to left shunt; PFO: Persistent foramen oval; sPAP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure; MAS: Meconium aspiration syndrome; CDH: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome; PPHN: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.