Bovine colostrum for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in susceptible children: A randomized controlled trial

doi:10.5409/wjcp.118300

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Randomized Controlled Trial

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Pediatr. Sep 9, 2026; 15(3): 118300
Published online Sep 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.118300

Table 2 Frequency of cystitis/pyelonephritis among study groups, n (%)

Time	Colostrum group (n = 30)	Placebo group (n = 30)	P value	RR (95%CI)
Pyelonephritis/cystitis
Month-1	10 (33.3)	14 (46.7)	0.292	0.71 (0.38-1.35)
Month-2	7 (23.3)	12 (40.0)	0.165	0.58 (0.27-1.28)
Month-3	5 (16.7)	9 (30.0)	0.222	0.56 (0.21-1.46)
Month-4	3 (10.0)	11 (36.7)	0.015	0.27 (0.08-0.88)
Month-5	3 (10.0)	12 (40.0)	0.007	0.25 (0.08-0.80)
Month-6	3 (10.0)	11 (36.7)	0.015	0.27 (0.08-0.88)
Incidence	17 (56.7)	23 (76.7)	0.222	0.84 (0.63-1.12)
Cystitis
Month-1	5 (16.7)	8 (26.7)	0.347	0.63 (0.23-1.69)
Month-2	5 (16.7)	7 (23.3)	0.519	0.71 (0.25-2.00)
Month-3	2 (6.7)	5 (16.7)	0.424	0.40 (0.08-1.90)
Month-4	1 (3.3)	7 (23.3)	0.052	0.14 (0.02-1.09)
Month-5	2 (6.7)	7 (23.3)	0.145	0.29 (0.06-1.26)
Month-6	2 (6.7)	7 (23.3)	0.145	0.29 (0.06-1.26)
Incidence	13 (43.3)	21 (70.0)	0.037	0.62 (0.39-0.99)
Pyelonephritis
Month-1	5 (16.7)	6 (20.0)	0.739	0.83 (0.28-2.44)
Month-2	2 (6.7)	5 (16.7)	0.424	0.40 (0.08-1.90)
Month-3	3 (10.0)	4 (13.3)	0.999	0.75 (0.18-3.07)
Month-4	2 (6.7)	4 (13.3)	0.677	0.50 (0.10-2.53)
Month-5	1 (3.3)	5 (16.7)	0.195	0.20 (0.02-1.61)
Month-6	1 (3.3)	4 (13.3)	0.353	0.25 (0.03-2.11)
Incidence	14 (46.7)	14 (46.7)	0.999	1.00 (0.58-1.72)

RR: Relative risk.

Full Size Table

Citation: Said RM, Wissa AA, Wahib ST, Hashem NU. Bovine colostrum for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in susceptible children: A randomized controlled trial. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(3): 118300
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i3/118300.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.118300

Said RM, Wissa AA, Wahib ST, Hashem NU. Bovine colostrum for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in susceptible children: A randomized controlled trial. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(3): 118300 [DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.118300]

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