Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Table 5 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery system among pubertal participants with T1 type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus (n = 19), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value1
GMI%	7.3 ± 0.9	6.9 ± 0.7	-0.4 ± 0.4	0.1	0.0011
HbA1c%	8.1 ± 2.1	7 ± 1.2	-1.2 ± 1.3	0.3	0.0001
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	62.6 ± 22.0	75.8 ± 16.4	13.2 ± 11.1	2.5	0.0001
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	34.6 ± 22.6	22.9 ± 16.3	-11.5 ± 11.2	2.6	0.0001
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	14.7 ± 15.4	8.1 ± 9.6	-6.6 ± 7.3	1.7	0.0011
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.8 ± 2.1	1.3 ± 1.4	-1.2 ± 2.1	0.5	0.0191
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.6 ± 1.0	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.4 ± 1.1	0.3	0.349
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	44.7 ± 18.4	55.9 ± 16.3	11.2 ± 11.4	2.7	0.0041
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	168.5 ± 39.0	149.7 ± 29	-18.8 ± 17.8	4.1	0.0011
Average TDD (units)	48.8 ± 17.6	38.9 ± 15.4	-9.9 ± 15.7	4.7	0.062

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.