Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery open loop system in the sample (n = 7), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value1
GMI%	7.6 ± 1.3	6.9 ± 0.9	0.2	0.2	0.0271
HbA1c%	8.4 ± 2.6	7.3 ± 1.6	0.4	0.4	0.0281
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	56.7 ± 26.5	71.2 ± 19.3	4.6	4.6	0.0181
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	40.8 ± 27.9	26.0 ± 20.4	4.8	4.8	0.0181
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	18.6 ± 21.3	10.0 ± 12.5	3.4	3.4	0.0181
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.5 ± 2.1	2.8 ± 2.5	1	1	0.933
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.5 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.4	0.3	0.3	0.547
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	36.8 ± 21.8	50.4 ± 20.5	4.7	4.7	0.043
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	179.9 ± 51.8	153.4 ± 37.4	7.5	0.3	0.0281
Average TDD (units)	51.3 ± 20.0	35.5 ± 8.1	15	4.7	0.285

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.