Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery hybrid closed loop system in the sample (n = 21), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value1
GMI%	7.0 ± 0.6	6.7 ± 0.5	-0.3 ± 0.3	0.1	0.0031
HbA1c%	7.8 ± 2.0	6.7 ± 0.7	-1.1 ± 1.9	0.4	0.0021
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	68.2 ± 16.3	79.9 ± 12.6	11.8 ± 9.2	2.1	0.0001
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	28.8 ± 15.8	18.7 ± 12.4	-9.9 ± 8.4	1.9	0.0001
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	9.9 ± 9.7	5.9 ± 6.6	-4.0 ± 5.6	1.3	0.0051
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	3.1 ± 3.0	1.4 ± 1.3	-1.4 ± 3.4	0.8	0.091
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.7 ± 1.2	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.5 ± 1.3	0.3	0.130
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	48.9 ± 13.4	61.3 ± 11.8	12.3 ± 10.3	2.4	0.0021
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	156.9 ± 25.0	141.9 ± 21.9	-15.0 ± 13.3	3	0.0011
Average TDD (units)	37.7 ± 21.4	34.5 ± 17.3	-3.1 ± 13.2	3.8	0.433

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.