Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery system in the total sample (n = 28), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value1
GMI%	7.2 ± 0.8	6.8 ± 0.6	-0.4 ± 0.4	0.1	0.0001
HbA1c%	7.9 ± 2.1	6.8 ± 1.0	-1.1 ± 1.7	0.3	0.0001
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	65.3 ± 19.6	77.5 ± 14.8	12.5 ± 9.9	1.9	0.0001
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	31.9 ± 20	20.7 ± 14.9	-11.2 ± 9.7	1.9	0.0001
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	12.2 ± 13.9	7.0 ± 8.5	-5.2 ± 6.8	1.3	0.0001
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.8 ± 2.8	1.8 ± 1.8	-1.0 ± 3.3	0.6	0.159
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.6 ± 1.0	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.4 ± 1.1	0.2	0.295
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	45.5 ± 16.7	58.2 ± 15.1	12.7 ± 10.7	2.1	0.0001
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	163.1 ± 34.7	145 ± 26.6	-18.1 ± 15.8	3.1	0.0001
Average TDD (units)	40.4 ± 21.2	34.7 ± 15.6	-5.7 ± 16.1	4.2	0.256
Number of hypoglycemic episodes per week (n)	1.7 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 9.7	-0.3 ± 1.6	0.3	0.446

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose management indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.