Pediatric migraine: Neurodevelopmental mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and modern therapeutics

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.119843

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 119843
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.119843

Table 1 Mechanistic comparison between pediatric and adult-onset migraine

Feature	Pediatric onset	Adult onset
Primary driver	Genetic load/channelopathy	Environment/hormonal/allostatic load
Glutamate profile	Often decreased in the visual cortex	Typically increased
Dominant neuropeptides	PACAP, VIP, and CGRP	Primarily CGRP
Pain pattern	Bilateral (immature modulation)	Unilateral (mature lateralization)
Autonomic involvement	High (GI and facial symptoms)	Moderate (standard cranial symptoms)

PACAP: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; CGRP: Calcitonin gene-related peptide; GI: Gastrointestinal.

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Citation: Al-Beltagi M. Pediatric migraine: Neurodevelopmental mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and modern therapeutics. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 119843
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i2/119843.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.119843

Al-Beltagi M. Pediatric migraine: Neurodevelopmental mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and modern therapeutics. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 119843 [PMID: 42220944 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.119843]

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