Enigma of autism regression mechanistic pathways, clinical phenotypes, and early intervention implications

Figure 3 Risk-stratified clinical algorithm for the evaluation of developmental regression in early childhood. The figure outlines a time-sensitive approach that begins with parental concern, prioritizes early medical exclusion and sensory assessment, and stratifies children based on regression patterns and clinical red flags. Diagnostic evaluation is conducted in parallel with initiation of early intervention to maximize developmental outcomes during periods of heightened neuroplasticity. ABR: Auditory brain stem response; ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; CMA: Chromosomal Microarray; WES: Whole exome sequencing; EEG: Electroencephalogram; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.