Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in Palestinian private hospitals

Table 3 Association between maternal characteristics and neonatal complications among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (χ² analysis), n (%)

Maternal variable	Exposure status	Neonatal outcome	Outcome present	Outcome absent	P value
Preeclampsia	No	Patent ductus arteriosus	30 (48.4)	32 (51.6)	0.045
	Yes		42 (73.7)	15 (26.3)
Eclampsia	No	Sepsis	33 (53.2)	29 (46.8)	0.046
	Yes		39 (68.4)	18 (31.6)
Eclampsia	No	Late-onset sepsis	10 (16.1)	52 (83.9)	0.009
	Yes		21 (36.8)	36 (63.2)
Premature rupture of membranes	No	Retinopathy of prematurity	8 (19.0)	34 (81.0)	0.020
	Yes		30 (39.0)	47 (61.0)
Multiple gestation	No	Late-onset sepsis	5 (14.7)	29 (85.3)	0.042
	Yes		26 (30.6)	59 (69.4)
Multiple gestation	No	Retinopathy of prematurity	5 (14.7)	29 (85.3)	0.008
	Yes		33 (38.8)	52 (61.2)

Percentages are calculated based on the total number of infants within each maternal exposure group. P values were calculated using the χ² test.