Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 117283
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

Table 2 Comparison of the serum growth differentiation-15 levels among the study groups, mean ± SD

Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	Cases (n = 100)			Controls (n = 50)	P value
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	948.35 ± 386.29			249.48 ± 99.9	< 0.001^a
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	Congenital heart diseases (n = 69)	Rheumatic heart diseases (n = 14)	Cardiomyopathy (n = 17)	P value	P1	P2	P3
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	852.07 ± 376.39	1081.43 ± 435.28	1229.53 ± 166.6	< 0.001^a	0.029^a	< 0.001^a	0.796
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	TOF (n = 16)	PDA + VSD + ASD (n = 53)		P value
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	1138.38 ± 249.32	765.64 ± 366.74		< 0.001^a
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	Patients with heart failure (n = 50)	Patients without heart failure (n = 50)		P value
Serum GDF-15 (pg/mL)	1170 ± 292.55	726.7 ± 340.04		< 0.001^a

^aP value < 0.05.

GDF-15: Growth differentiation factor-15; P1: Comparison between congenital heart diseases and rheumatic heart diseases; P2: Comparison between congenital heart diseases and cardiomyopathy; P3: Comparison between rheumatic heart diseases and cardiomyopathy; VSD: Ventricular septal defect; ASD: Atrial septal defect; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot.

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Citation: Abd-Elmawgood EA, Hassan MH, Abd-Elbaseer KA, Ibrahem MH, Yousef KMH, Bakri AH. Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 117283
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i2/117283.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

Abd-Elmawgood EA, Hassan MH, Abd-Elbaseer KA, Ibrahem MH, Yousef KMH, Bakri AH. Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 117283 [PMID: 42220965 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283]

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