Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 117283
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

Table 1 Comparison between various echocardiographic parameters among the study groups, mean ± SD

Variables	Cases (n = 100)	Controls (n = 50)	P value	Patients with heart failure (n = 50)	Patients without heart failure (n = 50)	P value
Ejection fraction (EF) (%)	45.71 ± 13.97	59.82 ± 8.98	< 0.001^a	34.52 ± 7.98	56.9 ± 8.66	< 0.001^a
Fractional shortening (FS) (%)	31.20 ± 8.05	36.58 ± 5.66	0.03^a	23.08 ± 2.62	38.86 ± 7.47	< 0.001^a
LVEDD (mm)	29.12 ± 10.89	27.02 ± 9.3	0.400	29.74 ± 11.95	28.51 ± 9.79	0.964
LVESD (mm)	22.46 ± 9.79	19.38 ± 7.42	0.118	23.92 ± 8.45	21.01 ± 10.86	0.037^a
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg), median (IQ range)	19 (18-22)	17 (14-20)	0.001^a	22 (15-25)	19 (18-20)	0.726
IVS (mm)	7.46 ± 1.87	6.65 ± 1.78	0.021^a	7.41 ± 1.34	7.01 ± 1.14	0.937

^aP value < 0.05.

EF: Ejection fraction; FS: Fraction shortening; LVEDD: Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD: Left ventricular end systolic diameter; IVS: Interventricular septum; IQ: Interquartile.

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Citation: Abd-Elmawgood EA, Hassan MH, Abd-Elbaseer KA, Ibrahem MH, Yousef KMH, Bakri AH. Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 117283
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i2/117283.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283

Abd-Elmawgood EA, Hassan MH, Abd-Elbaseer KA, Ibrahem MH, Yousef KMH, Bakri AH. Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 117283 [PMID: 42220965 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117283]

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