Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case–control study

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 115284
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284

Table 2 Serum kynurenine pathway metabolite levels and associated ratios in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and control group, median (interquartile range)

	ADHD group (n = 51)	Control group (n = 36)	P value
TRP (μmol/L)	174 (94-276)	210 (59-259)	0.914
KYN (nmol/L)	65.6 (54-77)	61.6 (48-81)	0.543
KYNA (nmol/L)	25.8 (21-36)	31.3 (27-39)	0.023
QUIN (μmol/L)	12.7 (10-16)	12 (10-15)	0.721
KYN/TRP × 1000 (IDO/TDO activity)	40 (40-82)	34.7 (20-94)	0.816
KYNA/KYN × 100 (KAT activity)	39 (32-61)	56.5 (36-75)	0.083
KYNA/QUIN (neuroprotective index)	2.3 (2.0-2.7)	2.5 (2.3-3.1)	0.025
QUIN/KYNA (neurotoxic index)	0.44 (0.37-0.50)	0.40 (0.32-0.44)	0.029
QUIN/KYN (KMO activity)	0.19 (0.13-0.28)	0.20 (0.14-0.28)	0.756

ADHD: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; KYN: Kynurenine; TRP: Tryptophan; IDO/TDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; KYNA: Kynurenic acid; KAT: Kynurenine aminotransferases; QUIN: Quinolinic acid; KMO: Kynurenine monooxygenase.

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Citation: Ünal K, Taş Torun Y, Erol ME, Özbaş C, Kurt ZK. Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case–control study. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 115284
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i2/115284.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284

Ünal K, Taş Torun Y, Erol ME, Özbaş C, Kurt ZK. Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case–control study. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(2): 115284 [PMID: 42220958 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284]

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