Lifelong cognitive and motor outcomes after being born small for gestational age or with fetal growth restriction

Table 2 Cognitive outcome trends in small for gestational age/fetal growth restriction

	Ref.	Population	Age at assessment	Cognitive impairment	Sensorial impairment	Social/behavioural impairment
Preterm	Lach et al[17]	SGA	1 year	3
	Della Gatta et al[32]	Early-onset-FGR	1-2 years	1		3
	Murki et al[15]	SGA	1-1.5 year	1
	Cho et al[16]	SGA	1.5-2 years	1
	Bae et al[19]	SGA cov	1.5-2 years	1
	Lim et al[18]	Birth weight	2 years	3	3
	Palazzo et al[20]	SGA	2 years	1
	Sacchi et al[29]	FGR	2 years	1
	Morsing et al[31]	FGR	2 years	1	1
	Delorme et al[33]	FGR	2 years	3	1	3
	Gardella et al[30]	FGR	2 years	1	1	1
	Suenaga et al[21]	SGA	3 years	1	1
	Yoneda et al[23]	SGA cov	< 3 years	2
	Hubert et al[22]	SGA	4 years	1	1	3
	Uberos et al[34]	SGA-FGR	4 years	3	3	1
	Athalye-Jape et al[24]	SGA	5 years	3	1
	Doyle et al[25]	SGA	8 years	1
	Weider et al[26]	SGA	26 years	1	1
Term	Chen et al[35]	SGA	0.5 years
	Lucaccioni et al[43]	LO-FGR	2 years	1
	Naz et al[27]	SGA	2-4 years		3	3
	Zhang et al[36]	SGA	4 years
	Richter et al[44]	4FGR	4 years	1		1
	Tamai et al[37]	SGA	2.5-5.5 years
	Chen et al[45]	4FGR/4SGA cov	5-6 years	1
	Ferguson et al[39]	SGA	6 years	1
	Olga et al[46]	LO-FGR	5-7 years	1
	Reichman et al[40]	SGA	9 years	1
	Nguyen et al[41]	SGA	6-11 years	1
	Burger et al[42]	Birth weight	12 years	1
	Eves et al[28]	4SGA	5 months - 26 years	1
	Weider et al[26]	SGA	26 years	1	1
	Cortese et al[38]	Birth weight	0-47 years	1	1

¹Statistically significant associations between small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction compared to controls.

²Trends toward significance.

³No statistically significant associations between small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction compared to controls.

⁴Preterm within the groups, but not accounted separately. Cognitive includes IQ, educational attainment, language and problem solving. Sensorial includes hearing and blindness. Social includes communication.

cov: Covariate; FGR: Fetal growth restriction; LO-FGR: Late onset-fetal growth restriction; SGA: Small for gestational age.