Study of the gut microbiome profile in full-term infants with necrotizing enterocolits

Table 4 Comparison of the gut microbiome between breast- and formula-fed necrotizing enterocolitis patients and controls

Bacteria	NEC breastfed	NEC formula-fed	Control	P value	Epsilon squared (ε2)
Firmicutes				0.288	0.038
Minimum-maximum	1.89E-01-6.97E-01	3.17E-01-8.98E-01	1.97E-02-6.01E-01
Median	3.96E-01	6.23E-01	4.01E-01
IQR	2.32E-01-6.32E-01	4.87E-01-7.50E-01	3.12E-01-5.49E-01
Bacteroidetes				0.148	0.14
Minimum-maximum	4.14E-02-6.84E-01	1.52E-02-1.86E-01	4.47E-02-7.72E-01
Median	1.23E-01	9.12E-02	3.48E-01
IQR	5.18E-02-4.04E-01	3.34E-02-1.54E-01	2.04E-01-5.45E-01
F/B				0.148	0.14
Minimum-maximum	0.31-11.52	1.70-35.79	0.05-6.78
Median	4.34	12.04	1.25
IQR	1.48-7.74	5.14-22.29	0.52-3.25
Prevotella				0.749	0.00
Minimum-maximum	1.47E-03-3.41E-02	3.70E-03-1.00E-01	3.06E-04-6.22E-01
Median	6.95E-03	2.14E-02	8.33E-02
IQR	4.05E-03-1.08E-02	4.53E-03-5.35E-02	2.66E-03-2.31E-01
Bacteroides				0.299	0.032
Minimum-maximum	5.66E-03-6.02E-01	1.31E-02-1.51E-01	1.64E-02-5.92E-01
Median	4.00E-02	5.12E-02	2.17E-01
IQR	1.35E-02-3.41E-01	2.98E-02-8.81E-02	1.86E-01-2.55E-01
P/B				0.894	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.003-0.80	0.14-0.66	0.001-3.49
Median	0.49	0.42	0.51
IQR	0.11-0.66	0.25-0.59	0.07-1.08
Ruminococcus				0.754	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-3.05E-02	2.55E-05-3.41E-02	0.00E+00-6.48E-03
Median	4.41E-04	1.45E-03	2.80E-03
IQR	0.00E+00-5.25E-03	1.01E-03-9.70E-03	6.55E-04-4.43E-03
Lactobacilli				0.607	0.00
Minimum-maximum	2.62E-02-4.45E-01	1.34E-02-2.76E-01	1.22E-04-4.87E-01
Median	1.67E-01	9.06E-02	2.37E-01
IQR	1.54E-01-2.77E-01	3.19E-02-1.76E-01	3.79E-02-4.30E-01
Bifidobacteria				0.098a	0.203
Minimum-maximum	1.11E-02-5.58E-01	8.89E-04-1.82E-01	4.51E-03-1.95E-01
Median	1.37E-01	1.34E-03	1.11E-01
IQR	1.18E-01-3.59E-01	1.09E-03-4.66E-02	9.32E-02-1.24E-01
Akkermancia muciniphila				0.631	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-8.95E-02	0.00E+00-7.31E-05	0.00E+00-2.80E-03
Median	0.00E+00	7.80E-06	0.00E+00
IQR	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-3.00E-05	0.00E+00-0.00E+00
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii				0.344	0.01
Minimum-maximum	1.14E-03-3.81E-01	5.37E-04-2.69E-02	0.00E+00-2.54E-01
Median	3.26E-02	1.32E-02	8.53E-02
IQR	9.10E-03-1.84E-01	3.79E-03-2.29E-02	1.50E-02-1.84E-01
Clostridium difficile				-	-
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-0.00E+00
Median	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	0.00E+00
IQR	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-0.00E+00
Escherichia coli				0.656	0.00
Minimum-maximum	1.59E-01-8.63E-01	1.82E-01-8.49E-01	2.15E-02-4.13E-01
Median	3.87E-01	3.58E-01	2.84E-01
IQR	2.44E-01-5.90E-01	2.23E-01-5.71E-01	2.12E-01-3.77E-01
Bacteroides fragilis				0.898	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-3.00E-01	0.00E+00-5.40E-02	0.00E+00-3.21E-01
Median	9.70E-03	2.43E-03	1.54E-02
IQR	0.00E+00-1.23E-01	5.19E-05-1.71E-02	2.55E-03-2.63E-02
Lactobacillus reuteri				> 0.99	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-1.73E-05	0.00E+00-1.64E-05
Median	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	0.00E+00
IQR	0.00E+00-0.00E+00	0.00E+00-4.33E-06	0.00E+00-0.00E+00
Lactobacillus plantarum				0.831	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-2.17E-02	0.00E+00-3.76E-05	0.00E+00-4.81E-03
Median	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	0.00E+00
IQR	0.00E+00-6.62E-04	0.00E+00-9.40E-06	0.00E+00-3.86E-05
Bifidobacterium longum				0.413	0.00
Minimum-maximum	0.00E+00-2.06E-01	1.47E-05-8.79E-02	0.00E+00-4.27E-02
Median	3.73E-02	5.01E-04	1.64E-02
IQR	1.41E-02-1.16E-01	1.89E-04-2.25E-02	3.90E-03-2.58E-02
Diversity index				0.094a	0.209
Minimum-maximum	1.47-1.94	1.00-1.78	1.60-1.95
mean ± SD	1.648 ± 0.194	1.350 ± 0.334	1.787 ± 0.147
Median	1.61	1.31	1.8
IQR	1.49-1.76	1.15-1.51	1.68-1.90
Dissimilarity index				-	-
Minimum-maximum	32.00%-45.00%	37.00%-47.00%	-
mean ± SD	40.000% ± 5.215%	40.250% ± 4.573%	-
Median	42.5%	38.5%	-

^aP ≤ 0.10 was considered statistically significant.

P value was calculated via the Kruskal-Wallis test. Epsilon squared (ε²): < 0 (no effect), 0.00-0.01 (negligible), 0.01-0.04 (weak effect), 0.04-0.16 (moderate effect), 0.16-0.36 (relatively strong effect), 0.36-0.64 (strong effect), 0.64-1.00 (very strong effect) based on Rea and Parker[24] in 2014. NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis; IQR: Inter quartile range; F/B: Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes; P/B: Prevotella/Bifidobacteria.