Role of soluble alpha-klotho as a novel biomarker for characterizing children with autism spectrum disorder in Kurdistan, Iraq

Table 6 Effect of some autism spectrum disorder patients’ characteristics on the concentration of (soluble alpha-klotho), mean ± SD

Characteristics	Levels of S-KLα (pg/mL)
Family history
Yes	94.8 ± 7.3
No	100.2 ± 8.2
Experiencing complications at birth
Yes	88.3 ± 7.1a
No	106.7 ± 12.2
Time of birth (weeks)
Early birth (< 37)	95.7 ± 8.6a
Normal birth (37-42)	106.3 ± 7.5a
Late birth (≥ 42)	90.5 ± 9.1a
Birth weight (kg)
Low (< 2.5)	98.2 ± 9.7
Normal (2.5-4)	100.7 ± 11.4
High (> 4)	93.6 ± 8.2

^aP < 0.001.

ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; S-KLα: Soluble alpha-klotho.