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Randomized Controlled Trial
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2026; 15(1): 114465
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.114465
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, median (interquartile range)/n (%)
Characteristics
Total (n = 146)
Study group (n = 73)
Comparison group (n = 73)
P value
Age (month)6 (4-9)6 (4-9)6 (4-8)0.664
Male sex97 (66.4)50 (68.5)47 (64.4)0.599
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD)17.2 (2.85)17.1 (2.70)17.4 (3.00)0.515
Breastfeeding103 (70.6)51 (69.9)52 (71.2)0.856
Parental smoking85 (58.2)41 (56.2)44 (60.3)0.615
Family history of allergy27 (18.5)15 (20.6)12 (16.4)0.522
Allergies10 (6.9)5 (6.9)5 (6.9)1.000
Regular vitamin D intake94 (64.4)45 (61.6)49 (67.1)0.489
Time from disease onset to admission (hour)45.5 (24-72)47 (27-72)45 (24-70)0.566
Time from admission to randomization (hour)8 (4-12)9 (5-12)8 (4-13)0.672
Respiratory rate (breath/minute), mean (SD)53.9 (6.37)54.3 (5.37)53.5 (7.26)0.485
Oxygen saturation (%), mean (SD)89.2 (0.94)89.2 (0.92)89.2 (0.95)0.792
Wang respiratory score, mean (SD)8.5 (1.01)8.5 (0.87)8.4 (1.13)0.512
Feeding adequacy scale, mean (SD)5.8 (1.12)5.7 (1.26)5.9 (0.98)0.510
Oxygen supplementation (L/minute), mean (SD)1.8 (0.45)1.8 (0.47)1.8 (0.43)1.000
Parenteral fluids146 (100)73 (100)73 (100)1.000
Tube feeding82 (56.2)43 (58.9)39 (53.4)0.505
Serum ionized calcium (mmol/L), mean (SD)1.15 (0.12)1.16 (0.11)1.15 (0.12)0.505
Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (ng/mL), mean (SD)30.5 (13.30)31.40 (13.12)30.0 (13.43)0.415
Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D categories0.670
    Normal (≥ 30 ng/mL)73 (50)38 (52.1)35 (48.0)
    Insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL)24 (16.4)13 (17.8)11 (15.1)
    Deficiency (< 20 ng/mL)49 (33.7)22 (30.1)27 (37.0)


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