©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2026; 15(1): 111828
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111828
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111828
Table 2 Lifestyles and stress-related characteristics
| Total (n = 1874) | Constipated (n = 302) | Non-constipated (n = 1572) | P value | |
| Exclusive breastfeeding for the 1st 6 months | 889 (47.5) | 151 (50) | 738 (47) | 0.467 |
| Adequate fluid intake per age | 1495 (79.8) | 229 (75.8) | 1266 (80.5) | 0.062 |
| Adequate fruit and vegetable consumption per age | 1729 (92.3) | 259 (85.8) | 1470 (93.5) | < 0.001a |
| History of probiotics exposure | 267 (14.2) | 69 (22.8) | 198 (12.4) | < 0.001a |
| History of fiber supplementation | 100 (5.3) | 48 (15.9) | 52 (3.3) | < 0.001a |
| Media exposure (age < 2 years) | 221 (17.8) | 48 (31.8) | 173 (15.8) | < 0.001a |
| Screen time (age > 2 years); > 1 hour | 176 (26.8) | 72 (27.8) | 104 (26.1) | 0.623 |
| Physical activity (age > 1 year) | N = 1326 | N = 271 | N = 1055 | 0.079 |
| No | 147 (11.1) | 21 (7.8) | 126 (11.9) | |
| < 1 hour | 372 (28.1) | 86 (31.8) | 286 (27.11) | |
| > 1 hour | 807 (60.9) | 164 (60.1) | 643 (61.0) | |
| Adequate sleep duration for age | 1794 (95.7) | 292 (96.7) | 1502 (95.5) | 0.369 |
| Stressful life event in family | 302 (16.1) | 66 (21.9) | 213 (13.6) | < 0.001a |
| (1) Family related stressors | ||||
| Neglect | 9 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 7 (0.5) | |
| Parental divorce | 39 (2.1) | 10 (3.3) | 29 (1.8) | |
| Unemployment | 29 (1.6) | 10 (3.3) | 19 (1.2) | |
| Financial difficulties | 85 (4.5) | 19 (6.3) | 66 (4.2) | |
| Domestic violence | 8 (0.4) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (0.4) | |
| Serious illness or death of a family member | 44 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 36 (2.3) | |
| (2) Environmental stressors | ||||
| Relocation | 94 (5.0) | 20 (6.6) | 74 (4.7) | |
| School transitions | 23 (1.2) | 5 (1.7) | 18 (1.2) | |
| Severe illness or death of pet | 20 (1.1) | 3 (1.0) | 17 (1.1) | |
| (3) Psychological stressors | ||||
| Traumatic events impacted mental well-being | 11 (0.6) | 4 (1.3) | 7 (0.4) | |
| (4) Others | 13 (0.7) | 6 (2.0) | 7 (0.4) |
- Citation: Chatpermporn K, Ngoenmak T, Charoenwat B, Chanpong A, Sriphongphankul H, Hanpitakpong N, Sintusek P. Functional constipation in Thai infants and toddlers: The role of genetic-gut-brain interaction and fiber supplementation. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(1): 111828
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i1/111828.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111828