©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2026; 15(1): 111388
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111388
Published online Mar 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111388
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, n (%)
| Variable | Category | Experimental group (n = 300) | Control group (n = 300) | χ2 | P value |
| Age (years) | 3, 4 | 135 (45.0) | 106 (35.3) | 6.72 | 0.034 |
| 4, 5 | 68 (22.7) | 90 (30.0) | |||
| 5, 6 | 97 (32.3) | 104 (34.7) | |||
| Gender | Male | 187 (62.3) | 200 (66.7) | 0.81 | 0.369 |
| Female | 113 (37.7) | 100 (33.3) | |||
| Residence | Rural | 164 (54.7) | 192 (64.0) | 4.58 | 0.032 |
| Urban | 136 (45.3) | 108 (36.0) | |||
| IV site | Cephalic vein | 5 (1.7) | 21 (7.0) | 12.45 | 0.002 |
| Metacarpal vein | 259 (86.3) | 266 (88.7) | |||
| Median vein | 36 (12.0) | 13 (4.3) | |||
| IV cannula size | 22 G | 63 (21.0) | 98 (32.7) | 7.88 | 0.005 |
| 24 G | 237 (79.0) | 202 (67.3) |
- Citation: Wilson LP, Khan Z, Patil PN, Konnur RG, Sriram N. Multimodal distraction reduces intravenous cannulation pain and anxiety in preschoolers: Controlled prospective study. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(1): 111388
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i1/111388.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.111388