Balanced electrolyte solution vs isotonic saline in the resuscitation of children with diabetic ketoacidosis: A randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Outcomes (primary and secondary) in both the groups, n (%)/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Characteristics	BES (n = 30)	NS (n = 30)	P value
Primary outcome
Time taken for resolution of acidosis (hour)	12 (8-18)	16 (10-22)	0.16
Secondary outcomes
Duration of hospital stay (day)	4 (3-5)	5 (3-6)	0.23
Complications
Acute kidney injury1	0 (0)	3 (10)	0.07
Cerebral edema	0 (0)	1 (3.3)	0.21
Required mechanical ventilation	1 (3.3)	1 (3.3)	0.86
Required inotropes	1 (3.3)	0 (0)	0.21
Hypernatremia	1 (3.3)	1 (3.3)	0.86
Hyponatremia	5 (16.7)	4 (13.3)	0.42
Hyperchloremia	1 (3.3)	3 (10)	0.09
Hypokalemia	3 (10)	5 (16.7)	0.08

¹New onset or progressive.

BES: Balanced electrolyte solution; NS: Normal saline.