Therapeutic interventions and pulmonary function in pediatric patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans

Table 4 Non-pharmacological interventions

Intervention	Benefit	Limitations
Oxygen therapy	Corrects hypoxemia; prevents pulmonary hypertension[29]	Does not modify disease; burden of long-term use
Airway clearance	May reduce secretions in bronchiectasis	Extrapolated from BOS data; no PIBO-specific trials
Pulmonary rehabilitation	Improves exercise tolerance and quality of life in BOS	No pediatric PIBO data; resource-intensive
Nutrition vaccination	Supports growth and immunity	Standard of care, not disease-specific
Lung transplantation	Life-saving in end-stage disease	Early graft dysfunction, higher perioperative complications, low mortality rate; limited donor supply[32]

BOS: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; PIBO: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.